Polyacrylamide (PAM) is the collective name of acrylamide homopolymer or polymer copolymerized with other monomers . Polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the most widely used varieties of water-soluble polymers .
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely used in petroleum exploration, papermaking, water treatment, textile, medicine, agriculture and other industries. According to statistics, 27% of the global Polyacrylamide (PAM) production is used in the petroleum industry
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Type：Anionic PAM / Cationic PAM / Non-ionic PAM / Amphoteric PAM
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is the collective name of acrylamide homopolymer or polymer copolymerized with other monomers . Polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the most widely used varieties of water-soluble polymers . Polyacrylamide (PAM) is widely used in petroleum exploration, papermaking, water treatment, textile, medicine, agriculture and other industries. According to statistics, 27% of the global Polyacrylamide (PAM) production is used in the petroleum industry
| Anionic polyacrylamide | ||
| Test items | Specified technical indicators | Results of testing |
| Exterior | Solid granular | Solid granular |
| Molecular weight (ten thousand) ≥ | 12 million | 12.3 million |
| Solid content (%) ≥ | 90 | 92 |
| Dissolution time (m) ≤ | 60 | 55 |
| Water insoluble matter () ≤ | 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Sulfate content /% | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 |
| Sulfate content /% | ≤1.0 | ≤0.8 |
| Cationic polyacrylamide | ||
| Test items | Specified technical indicators | Results of testing |
| Exterior | White granular | White granular |
| Ion degree ω / （%） | 60 | 60 |
| Solid content ω1 / （%） | ≥88 | ≥92 |
| Dissolution time (1g / L), t / min | ≤60 | ≤55 |
| Dissolution time(1g/L),t/min | ≤0.3 | ≤0.25 |
| Water insoluble matter ω2 /% | ≤0.05 | ≤0.048 |
| Sulfate content ω4 / （g / g） | ≤0.05 | ≤0.048 |
| Nonionic polyacrylamide | ||
| Test items | Specified technical indicators | Results of testing |
| Exterior | Solid powder | Solid powder |
| Molecular weight(ten thousand) | 12 million | 12.2 million |
| Solid content (%) | ≥90 | ≥91 |
| Dissolution time (m) | ≤60 | ≤42 |
| Water insoluble matter(%) | ≤1 | ≤0.5 |
| Chloride content /% | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 |
| Sulfate content /% | ≤1.0 | ≤0.8 |
In petrochemistry, polyacrylamide (PAM), as a multifunctional additive, plays an important role in drilling fluid, well washing fluid, water injection and enhanced oil recovery.
(1) Drilling: as a regulator of drilling fluid, its role is to adjust the rheology of drilling fluid, carry cuttings, lubrize drill bits, reduce fluid loss, etc. The drilling fluid modulated with PAM has low specific gravity, which can reduce the pressure and blockage on the oil and gas reservoir, and is easy to find the oil and gas reservoir, which is conducive to drilling. The drilling speed is 19% higher than that of conventional drilling fluid, and the drilling rate is about 45% higher than that of mechanical drilling. In addition, it can greatly reduce stuck drilling accidents, reduce equipment wear, and prevent leakage and collapse.
(2) Fracturing: Fracturing process is an important stimulation measure for the development of tight formations in oil fields. Methylene polyacrylamide crosslinked fracturing fluid is widely used because of high viscosity, low friction, good suspended sand capacity, little filtration, good viscosity stability, less residue, wide supply, convenient configuration and low cost.
(3) Tertiary oil displacement: PAM’s properties of thickening, flocculation and rheological regulation of fluids make it play an important role in oil extraction. It is widely used in drilling, water plugging, acidizing water, fracturing, well washing, well completion, drag reduction, anti-scale and oil displacement. In general, the purpose of using PAM is to improve the recovery rate of oil.
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